cambodia

Is street Photography legal/

cambodia, cameras, homelessness, opinons, thoughts, photography, pictures, public, street, Travel

The legality of street photography, where photographers capture images of strangers in public spaces, varies by country, but it is generally permitted. However, legality does not necessarily equate to ethicality. Ethical considerations in street photography often revolve around the subjects’ privacy, dignity, and consent. While taking a photo in a public space does not typically infringe on legal rights, the ethical debate concerns whether it is respectful to do so without the subject’s knowledge or permission.

The ethical discourse suggests that photographers should consider the implications of their actions on the individuals they capture in their images. This includes being mindful of the power dynamics at play, such as photographing vulnerable populations or individuals in compromising situations. Additionally, cultural sensitivity is crucial to avoid perpetuating stereotypes or biases through the lens.

Some argue that street photography serves as a historical record and form of art that documents human life and societal moments, which can have significant cultural value. Others contend that the subjects’ right to privacy should not be overlooked and that photographers should seek consent where possible, especially in cultures where privacy is highly valued.

Ultimately, the ethics of street photography are subjective and can depend on individual perspectives and societal norms. Photographers are encouraged to reflect on their practice, considering both the artistic and human elements involved. They should also be prepared to engage in conversations about their work and its impact, respecting the wishes of those who prefer not to be photographed or have their images published.

In summary, while street photography may be legal, the ethical considerations require a nuanced understanding of respect, consent, and the implications of capturing a moment in time. It is a balance between the photographer’s freedom of expression and the subject’s right to privacy, and finding that balance is a personal and societal challenge.

*** When it comes to taking photographs of strangers on the street, the necessity of consent largely depends on the country’s laws and the context in which the photo is taken. In many places, such as public streets, parks, and city squares, individuals typically do not have a reasonable expectation of privacy, meaning photographers can often take pictures without obtaining consent. However, this does not mean that all photography without consent is legally or ethically acceptable. For instance, using someone’s likeness for commercial purposes without their consent can infringe on their right to publicity, which is protected under the laws of several states. Additionally, while public photography is generally permissible, it should not be used to harass or stalk individuals, which could lead to criminal charges. It’s also important to consider the cultural and social norms of the area; what might be legally acceptable in one place could be considered disrespectful in another. Therefore, while consent may not always be a legal requirement, seeking permission can be a matter of respect and courtesy, aligning with ethical photography practices. ***

The Art of Capturing Moments: Why We Love Photography

cambodia, cameras, fujifilm, homelessness, opinons, thoughts, photography, street, Travel

Photography is an art form that has captivated the hearts of millions worldwide. It’s a way to freeze a moment in time, to tell a story without words, and to preserve memories that might otherwise fade away. But what is it about photography that draws people to it? Let’s dive into the myriad reasons why photography is not just a hobby or a profession, but a passion for so many.

Capturing Memories

One of the most profound reasons people are drawn to photography is its ability to capture and hold onto memories. From the mundane daily routines to the milestones of life like weddings, birthdays, and anniversaries, photographs serve as a tangible reminder of the moments we cherish. They allow us to revisit and relive those times, evoking emotions and recalling experiences that are dear to us.

Telling Stories

Every photograph tells a story. It’s a snapshot of an event, a person, a feeling, or a place that can transport us to different times and places. The power of a single image to convey complex narratives is unparalleled. Through photography, we can share our experiences and perspectives with others, offering a glimpse into our world.

Seeing the World Differently

Photography encourages us to observe our surroundings with a keen eye. It teaches us to appreciate the beauty in the mundane and to find the extraordinary in the ordinary. Photographers often see the world through a different lens, quite literally, which allows them to present everyday scenes in new and unexpected ways.

Learning and Growth

Photography is not just about taking pictures; it’s a continuous learning journey. Whether it’s mastering the technical aspects of a camera, understanding composition, or experimenting with lighting, photography offers endless opportunities for personal and artistic growth. It’s a field where there is always something new to learn and explore.

Self-Expression and Creativity

At its core, photography is a form of self-expression. It’s a way for individuals to showcase their creativity, share their passions, and communicate their inner thoughts and feelings. The freedom to capture what you find beautiful or interesting is a powerful form of personal freedom.

Connecting with Others

Photography has the unique ability to connect people. It transcends language barriers and cultural differences, allowing us to share and understand each other’s experiences and stories. Through shared images, we can foster a sense of community and belonging, no matter where we are in the world.

Documenting History

Photographs are not just personal; they are historical documents that capture the essence of an era, an event, or a movement. They provide a visual record of our collective history, helping us to learn from the past and understand the present. Iconic images have the power to shape public perception and can become symbols of significant moments in time.

The Joy of the Process

Lastly, the act of taking photographs is, in itself, a source of joy for many. The process of setting up a shot, waiting for the perfect light, and finally capturing the image can be incredibly satisfying. It’s a pursuit that combines patience, skill, and sometimes a bit of luck, to create something truly magical.

In conclusion, photography is a multifaceted art that offers more than just a visual representation of our world. It’s a medium for memory, storytelling, learning, self-expression, connection, and so much more. It’s no wonder that photography has become such an integral part of our lives, allowing us to capture the fleeting moments that make up the tapestry of human experience. So, grab your camera, and let’s continue to capture the world, one photograph at a time!

The Nikon D800: A Street Photographer’s Companion

cambodia, cameras, Lenses, opinons, thoughts, photography, pictures, street, Travel

Street photography is an art that captures the candid moments of everyday life in urban landscapes. It’s about finding beauty in the mundane, telling stories without words, and preserving fleeting moments in time. The Nikon D800, with its full-frame sensor and high resolution, is a tool that can help bring the vision of street photographers to life.

The Nikon D800 boasts a 36.3-megapixel FX-format CMOS sensor, which is a significant advantage for street photography. This high resolution allows photographers to capture the finest details, from the texture of an old brick wall to the expressions on a passerby’s face. Moreover, the large sensor size provides excellent performance in low light conditions, which is essential for shooting in the varied lighting of urban environments.

One of the key tips for using the Nikon D800 in street photography is to utilize foreground elements to add depth and context to your images. By including something relevant in the foreground, you can draw the viewer’s eye into the shot and create a more engaging composition. For instance, a street sign or a parked bicycle can serve as an anchor point, leading the viewer to explore the rest of the image.

Another tip is to make use of leading lines. These are lines within your composition that guide the viewer’s gaze toward the main subject. The Nikon D800’s dynamic range and sharpness can help accentuate these lines, whether they are the edges of a sidewalk, the lines of a crosswalk, or the perspective of a long alley.

Experimenting with different perspectives can also yield unique and compelling images. Don’t hesitate to change your shooting angle; try capturing scenes from a higher vantage point or getting close to the ground. This can add a fresh dimension to your street photography and highlight the Nikon D800’s versatility.

In conclusion, the Nikon D800 is a powerful camera for street photography. Its high resolution, excellent low-light performance, and full-frame sensor make it an ideal choice for photographers looking to capture the essence of the streets. By following these tips and embracing the spontaneous nature of street photography, you can create stunning, storytelling images that resonate with viewers.

The Art and Ethics of Photojournalism

cambodia, opinons, thoughts, photography, pictures, war

Photojournalism stands as a powerful medium that conveys the stark reality of events through imagery. It is a form of journalism that employs images to narrate a news story, providing a visual representation that often speaks louder than words. Typically associated with still images, photojournalism also encompasses video content in broadcast journalism, expanding its reach and impact.

The essence of photojournalism lies in its ability to capture moments that tell stories of humanity, nature, conflict, and celebration. Unlike other branches of photography such as documentary photography, social documentary photography, war photography, street photography, and celebrity photography, photojournalism is bound by a stringent ethical framework. This framework is pivotal in maintaining the integrity of the news story, ensuring that the images are a truthful and unbiased portrayal of events.

The ethical considerations in photojournalism are manifold. Photojournalists must navigate the delicate balance between capturing compelling images and respecting the dignity and privacy of their subjects. They must avoid manipulation or staging that would distort the truth. The decision of what to shoot, how to frame it, and what context is provided alongside the image can significantly influence public perception.

In the digital age, where images can be easily altered, the role of the photojournalist becomes even more critical. They serve as the gatekeepers of visual truth, adhering to professional standards that prevent misinformation. The immediacy with which photos can be shared worldwide amplifies the responsibility on photojournalists to verify the authenticity of their images and the narratives they support.

The impact of photojournalism cannot be understated. Iconic images have the power to become symbols of historical events, movements, or social issues. They can evoke emotions, drive change, and stir public discourse. The famous photograph of the Napalm girl during the Vietnam War or the image of the Syrian child refugee washed ashore are poignant examples of how photojournalism can touch hearts and influence policy.

Photojournalism also faces challenges in the modern world. The proliferation of smartphones and social media has democratized the capture and distribution of news images, blurring the lines between professional photojournalism and citizen journalism. This shift raises questions about the future of the field and the standards by which it is governed.

Despite these challenges, the core of photojournalism remains unchanged: to tell a story honestly and impartially through images. It is a noble pursuit that requires courage, skill, and an unwavering commitment to ethical principles. As long as there are stories to be told, photojournalism will continue to be an indispensable part of the journalistic landscape, illuminating the truth one frame at a time.

The Ethical Compass of Photojournalism

Photojournalism is a powerful form of journalism that captures and conveys news through imagery. It’s a field that requires not only a keen eye for a good shot but also a steadfast commitment to ethics and integrity. Here’s a guide to the dos and don’ts of photojournalism, drawing from industry best practices.

Do: Tell the Truth Through Your Lens
The primary duty of a photojournalist is to present an accurate and fair representation of the events they are covering. This means capturing moments as they unfold, without staging or altering the scene. The authenticity of the images is paramount, as they serve as a visual record of history.

Do Not: Manipulate Images
Post-processing is a part of digital photography, but there’s a fine line between enhancing an image and distorting the truth. Adding or removing elements from a picture is considered unethical and can damage the credibility of the photojournalist and their publication.

Do: Respect Your Subjects
Photojournalists should always approach their subjects with respect and empathy. This means being mindful of their privacy and dignity, especially in sensitive situations. It’s important to consider the impact of published images on the lives of the people featured.

Do Not: Intrude on Private Moments
While capturing the essence of an event often requires getting close to the action, photojournalists must avoid intrusive or disrespectful behaviour. It’s crucial to balance the public’s right to know with the subject’s right to privacy.

Do: Understand the Power of the Image
A single photograph can influence perceptions and emotions. Photojournalists must be aware of the impact their work can have and strive to present a balanced view, especially when covering controversial or polarizing events.

Do Not: Exploit Your Subjects
Taking advantage of someone’s vulnerability for the sake of a compelling image is not only unethical but also dehumanizing. Photojournalists must avoid exploiting their subjects’ emotions or situations for sensationalism.

Do: Know Your Rights and Limits
Being aware of legal and ethical boundaries is essential for photojournalists. This includes understanding the laws regarding public and private spaces and the ethical limits of reporting.

Do Not: Compromise Your Integrity
In pursuing the story, photojournalists should not engage in activities that could compromise their integrity or that of their profession. This includes accepting bribes or manipulating the narrative to fit a particular agenda.

In conclusion, photojournalism is not just about taking pictures; it’s about storytelling with a purpose. By adhering to these guidelines, photojournalists can ensure that their work contributes positively to the flow of information and the historical record, while maintaining the trust of the public and the dignity of their subjects. For a deeper dive into photojournalism and its practices, consider exploring comprehensive online guides and resources.

It’s the Photographer, Not the Camera, That Creates a Picture

cambodia, cameras, fujifilm, Lenses, opinons, thoughts, photography, pictures, street, Travel


In the world of photography, there’s a common adage that rings true for many: “It’s the photographer, not the camera, that creates a picture.” This saying highlights the importance of the person behind the lens—their vision, creativity, and skill—in crafting an image that resonates with viewers.

A camera, no matter how advanced, is simply a tool. It’s the photographer who makes the decisions that ultimately shape the photograph: the composition, the timing, the lighting, and the moment to capture. These choices are informed by the photographer’s experience, artistic sensibility, and understanding of the subject.

The magic of photography lies in the ability to see the extraordinary in the ordinary, to find the right angle and the perfect light, and to tell a story without words. A great photographer can produce stunning images with the most basic equipment, while a novice may struggle to do so even with the most sophisticated camera.


This concept extends beyond photography and can be applied to many forms of art and creation. It’s a reminder that tools and technology can enhance our abilities, but they cannot replace the human touch, the unique perspective, and the creative spirit that bring art to life.


So, whether you’re a seasoned photographer or just starting out, remember that your vision is the most powerful tool you have. Keep honing your skills, developing your eye, and capturing the world as only you can see it. After all, it’s not about the camera—it’s about the photographer.

ALL THESE IMAGES TAKEN WITH DIFFERENT CAMERAS AND LENSES.

What makes a good photograph?

cambodia, cameras, fujifilm, Lenses, opinons, thoughts, photography, pictures, street, Travel

The Art of Capturing the Perfect Moment

Photography is an art form that captures the essence of a moment, telling stories and evoking emotions through a single frame. But what exactly makes a photograph stand out? Is it the technical prowess behind the lens, the perfect lighting, or the emotion it conveys? Let’s delve into the elements that can transform a simple snapshot into a masterpiece.

  1. Composition: The arrangement of elements within the frame can make or break a photo. Good composition guides the viewer’s eye to the subject and creates a sense of balance and purpose. Techniques like the Rule of Thirds, leading lines, and framing can add depth and interest to your photographs.
  2. Exposure: Mastering the exposure triangle—aperture, shutter speed, and ISO—is crucial. It’s not just about the right amount of light; it’s about using these settings creatively to enhance the mood of the image. Whether it’s the bright cheerfulness of an overexposed beach scene or the dramatic tension of a dark, underexposed alleyway, exposure plays a pivotal role in the narrative of your photo.
  3. Focus: Sharpness where it matters draws attention to the subject, while a soft, blurred background can isolate it, making it pop. Playing with focus can also create artistic effects, like the dreamy quality of a shallow depth of field or the crystal-clear detail of a landscape with everything in focus.
  4. Subject Interest: A photograph is as compelling as its subject. It could be the raw emotion on a person’s face, the untold story behind a weathered door, or the unexpected angle of a modern skyscraper. The subject is the heart of the photograph, and its interest level can captivate the viewer.
  5. Purpose: Every great photograph has a purpose. It could be to document, to express, to question, or to celebrate. This intentionality is what gives a photograph meaning beyond its visual appeal.
  6. Lighting: Light is the photographer’s paintbrush. It shapes and defines the subject, creates atmosphere, and can dramatically alter the mood of the photo. The golden hour’s soft, warm light can imbue a scene with a serene glow, while the harsh midday sun can create bold contrasts and patterns.
  7. Emotion: Perhaps the most intangible yet powerful aspect of a good photograph is the emotion it evokes. A photo that can make you feel—whether it’s joy, sadness, wonder, or nostalgia—has achieved something special. It’s the emotional connection that often turns a good photo into a great one.
  8. Storytelling: A good photograph tells a story. It invites the viewer to look closer, to ask questions, and to imagine the moments before and after the shutter was pressed. Storytelling through photography is a powerful way to communicate and connect with others.
  9. Technical Quality: While it’s true that an expensive camera doesn’t guarantee a good photo, technical quality can’t be ignored. Sharpness, color accuracy, and noise levels all contribute to the overall impression of the photograph.
  10. Creativity: Last but not least, creativity is what sets a photograph apart. It’s the unique perspective, the unconventional approach, or the innovative technique that makes a photo memorable.

In conclusion, a good photograph is a blend of technical skill, artistic vision, and emotional impact. It’s about seeing the extraordinary in the ordinary and capturing it in a way that resonates with others. Whether you’re a seasoned professional or a budding enthusiast, the journey to creating good photographs is a continuous learning process, filled with experimentation and discovery.

The Nikkor 70-210 f4 AF zoom

cambodia, cameras, Lenses, opinons, thoughts, photography, pictures, street, Travel, Uncategorized

The Nikkor 70-210 f4 AF zoom lens is a classic piece of photography equipment that has stood the test of time. Introduced in the late 1980s, this lens was Nikon’s first autofocus telephoto zoom lens and has since become a beloved tool for many photographers.

With its constant f/4 aperture throughout the zoom range, the Nikkor 70-210 f4 offers consistent exposure settings and depth of field control, which is particularly beneficial when shooting in varying light conditions or when trying to maintain a consistent look across a series of photos. Its optical performance is notable, providing sharp images with minimal distortion.

The build quality of the lens is solid, featuring a metal barrel and filter ring which contribute to its durability. It’s a lens that can handle the rigors of frequent use, making it a reliable choice for both amateur and professional photographers.

Compatibility-wise, the lens works perfectly with Nikon’s FX digital cameras and is also suitable for DX models, where it provides a longer effective focal length. This versatility makes it an excellent option for a wide range of photographic scenarios, from portraits to sports photography.

Despite being an older model, the Nikkor 70-210 f4 AF zoom lens continues to be a valuable asset for photographers looking for quality glass without the hefty price tag of newer models. Its performance and build quality have helped it retain a place in many photographers’ bags, proving that good design truly lasts.

For those interested in exploring vintage lenses or expanding their photographic toolkit, the Nikkor 70-210 f4 AF zoom lens is certainly worth considering. Its combination of optical quality, consistent aperture, and robust build make it a lens that can still capture stunning images years after its release.

Cartier-Bresson

cambodia, cameras, fujifilm, homelessness, Lenses, opinons, thoughts, photography, pictures, street

Henri Cartier-Bresson: The Decisive Moment of Photography

Henri Cartier-Bresson, born on August 22, 1908, in Chanteloup-en-Brie, France, is a name that resonates with profound respect in the world of photography. His legacy as a master of candid photography and an early adopter of 35mm film has left an indelible mark on the art form. Cartier-Bresson’s philosophy of capturing the “decisive moment” – that split second that reveals the essence of an event – has influenced generations of photographers and artists alike.

Cartier-Bresson’s journey into the arts began with painting, which he studied from a young age, and was deeply influenced by Surrealism. However, it was his discovery of the Leica camera that truly shaped his path. The Leica’s compact size and agility allowed him to move through the streets unnoticed, capturing life as it unfolded before him. This unobtrusive approach to photography enabled him to produce images that were natural, spontaneous, and brimming with life.

His work is not just a collection of images; it is a historical document of the 20th century. From the liberation of Paris to the last days of Gandhi, Cartier-Bresson was there, camera in hand, to capture the moments that defined an era. His ability to anticipate and seize the perfect frame is what made his work stand out. He likened this process to a visual ballet, where the photographer must align their intuition, their eye, and their heart to capture the scene before them.

In 1947, Cartier-Bresson co-founded Magnum Photos, a cooperative agency for worldwide freelance photographers, which became a pivotal platform for photojournalism. Through Magnum, he and his colleagues were able to maintain control over their work and distribute it globally, changing the landscape of photography and media.

Later in life, Cartier-Bresson turned away from photography and returned to his first love, drawing and painting. He believed that each artist should follow their creative impulses, whether they lead to the darkroom or the canvas. His artistic vision and dedication to his craft have left a lasting legacy that continues to inspire and challenge photographers to this day.

Henri Cartier-Bresson passed away on August 3, 2004, but his work lives on, housed in galleries and private collections around the world. His contributions to photography are celebrated in numerous exhibitions, books, and documentaries. For those who wish to delve deeper into his life and work, his photographs and the stories behind them offer a timeless exploration of the human condition and the world we inhabit.

Cartier-Bresson’s influence extends beyond photography. His approach to the decisive moment can be applied to various aspects of life and art, teaching us to be present, observant, and ready to capture the essence of the fleeting moments that surround us. His work reminds us that beauty and significance can be found in the everyday, waiting for those with the patience and insight to see it. Henri Cartier-Bresson’s legacy is a testament to the power of seeing, not just looking, and the profound impact of capturing life as it happens.

Henri Cartier-Bresson and the Timeless Leica

Henri Cartier-Bresson, a name synonymous with the art of street photography, has left an indelible mark on the world with his concept of “the decisive moment.” His weapon of choice? The iconic Leica 35mm camera. This small, unobtrusive piece of technology was not just a tool but an extension of Cartier-Bresson’s vision, allowing him to capture life as it unfolded before him.

The Leica was Cartier-Bresson’s constant companion, its mechanical precision and reliability meshing perfectly with his need for spontaneity and discretion. With a Leica in hand, he traversed the globe, documenting the human condition and etching his view of the world onto film.

Fast forward to today, and one might wonder if Cartier-Bresson would still be loyal to his Leica if he were alive. Given the advancements in camera technology, would he opt for a modern digital Leica, or perhaps something entirely different?

Considering Cartier-Bresson’s philosophy, it’s not the camera but the eye, the mind, and the heart that captures the decisive moment. The Leica, with its simplicity and focus on the essentials, aligns with this philosophy. It’s not about having the latest features but about understanding and connecting with the subject.

So, would Henri Cartier-Bresson still use a Leica today? It’s a question that invites speculation, but one thing is certain: his legacy is not bound by the type of camera but by the timeless moments he captured. Those moments continue to inspire photographers around the world, reminding them that the true essence of photography lies in seeing and feeling, not in the gear they hold.

The Great Camera Debate: DSLR vs. Mirrorless

cambodia, cameras, fujifilm, Lenses, opinons, thoughts, photography, street, viltrox

In the world of photography, the debate between DSLR and mirrorless cameras is a tale as old as time—or at least as old as digital photography. As we stand in 2024, the discussion is more relevant than ever, with technological advancements pushing the boundaries of what’s possible in image capturing. So, let’s dive into the great camera debate: should we move away from mirrorless cameras and go back to DSLRs?

DSLRs, or Digital Single-Lens Reflex cameras, have been the go-to choice for professional photographers for decades. They are known for their robust build, exceptional battery life, and an extensive range of lenses developed over the years. The optical viewfinder in DSLRs gives a true-to-life preview of the image, which many photographers swear by. There’s a certain charm and immediacy to looking through the lens, seeing exactly what the camera sees without any digital translation.

On the flip side, mirrorless cameras have risen in popularity due to their compact size, lighter weight, and cutting-edge features. They boast advanced video capabilities, faster shooting speeds, and a digital viewfinder that can display more information than the traditional optical counterpart. Manufacturers have been heavily investing in mirrorless technology, leading to a surge in the variety and quality of lenses available for these cameras.

But why consider moving back to DSLRs? For starters, DSLRs offer a tactile experience that many photographers find satisfying. The heft and grip of a DSLR can feel more stable and reassuring in the hands. Additionally, the battery life of DSLRs is generally superior because they don’t rely on electronic viewfinders, which can be quite power-hungry. Moreover, the market for DSLRs has become incredibly competitive, making them more affordable than ever.

Canon 1D MkIV with 24-105 lens.

However, it’s not just about nostalgia or the feel of the camera. DSLRs still have a few technical advantages. The phase-detection autofocus system of a DSLR is incredibly fast and reliable, especially in low light conditions. Plus, the absence of a mirror mechanism in mirrorless cameras can sometimes lead to shutter lag, which can be a deal-breaker for action and sports photographers.

Fuji X Pro3 plus Viltox 23mm f1.4

It’s important to note that while the industry seems to be pivoting towards mirrorless systems, DSLRs are not obsolete. They continue to be produced, sold, and loved by many. The choice between DSLR and mirrorless ultimately comes down to personal preference and the specific needs of the photographer. Whether it’s the traditional feel of a DSLR or the modern conveniences of a mirrorless camera, both have their place in the photographer’s bag.

Nikon D800 + 28-85mm f3.5/4.5

As we ponder the future of photography, it’s clear that both DSLRs and mirrorless cameras have their merits. Perhaps the question isn’t about moving away from one to return to the other, but rather understanding which tool best serves your creative vision. In the end, the best camera is the one that allows you to capture the moments that matter most to you, in the way that you envision them.

So, what’s your take on this debate? Are you team DSLR or team mirrorless? Share your thoughts and experiences with us, and let’s continue to explore the ever-evolving landscape of photography together!

A sad day

cambodia, opinons, thoughts, Travel

The end of life is a profound moment, and it’s natural to reflect on the connections we’ve made along the way. The thought of passing away without friends or relatives nearby can indeed evoke a deep sense of sadness. It reminds us of the importance of relationships and the warmth they bring to our lives. Throughout history, many cultures have emphasized the significance of community and companionship, not just in life but also in the transition at life’s end. This sentiment underscores the value we place on not being alone during significant life events. It’s a universal human experience to seek connection, to find solace in shared moments, and to draw comfort from the presence of loved ones. The idea of dying alone might also inspire us to reach out, to forge new bonds, and to be there for others, knowing how much it would mean to us.

It’s a poignant reminder of our shared humanity and the compassion that binds us together. While it is a somber thought, it also highlights the beauty of human connection and the impact each person has on another’s life. In recognizing this, we can find a renewed appreciation for the relationships we have and a motivation to nurture them. Sleep well Srey Pol.